Gagiers Art & Painting

Classicism (from Lat. Classicus – a model) – the artistic style of European art XVII-XIX centuries. One of the most important features of which was to appeal to the ancient art as the supreme model and reliance on the traditions of the High Renaissance. Art reflected the ideas of classical harmonic structure of society, but in many respects they lost the comparison with the culture of the Renaissance. Conflicts of personality and society, the ideal and reality, sense and reason demonstrate the complexity of classical art. Classical forms of artistic expression characteristic of strict organization, poise, clarity and harmonious manner.

Outstanding masterpieces of architecture, combining classical and baroque into a single grand style, was a palace and park ensemble in Versailles – the residence of French kings (the second half of XVII.).
In painting, the principal value of the acquired logical deployment of a plot, clear balanced composition, the exact amount of the transfer, with the subordinate role of light and shade of color, use of local color (N. Poussin, K. Lorraine). A clear delineation of the plans in a landscape also identified by color: the foreground necessarily had to be brown, medium – green, and distant – blue.

In the second half of XVIII century. Art appeals to the republican ideas of antiquity, to images of courageous fighters against tyranny (JL David). Sculpture Classical period differs smoothed, easy postures, even the movement does not violate the closed form (E Falcone, M Houdon). Late Classicism, also called Empire acquires the features of pomp and splendor, as expressed in architecture and applied arts of the first third of the XIX century (see the Empire). Russian classicism in the second half of XVIII – early XIX centuries. embodies a new, unprecedented in scope, national pathos and ideological fullness of the flourishing of culture and architectural ensembles of buildings V. Bazhenov, M. Casanova, J. Quarenghi, A. Zakharov, Rossi, A. Voronikhin sculptures M. Kozlovsky, Shchedrin , I. Martos, Pictures And Losenko, A Ivanov, and others since the end of XIX century for Russian art has become increasingly characteristic of soulless, contrived academic schematic, which are fighting the representatives of romanticism and realism, replacing classicism.

The style in European art, the essential feature of which was an appeal to the ancient art as a reference and reliance on the traditions of the High Renaissance. In art and architecture manifested the general aesthetic principles – the use of forms and designs of ancient art for the expression of modern social and aesthetic attitudes, attraction to the sublime themes and genres, for consistency and clarity of images, the proclamation of the ideal of harmonious human personality. Background of classicism evident in the second half of the 16 century, in the era of the late Renaissance in Italy in the works of the architect and theorist of A. Palladio, as a theoretical writings of the architect Vignola, S. Serlio, etc. All of these authors have attempted to bring the artistic heritage of antiquity and the High Renaissance in a single strict system. And approve the art set of norms and rules of ancient aesthetics.

As a coherent system composed of Classicism in the first half of the 17 th century in France. It is characterized by the proclamation of the ideas of civic duty, the subordination of personal interest to the public interest, the triumph of sound patterns. At this time, is widely used themes, images and motifs of ancient and Renaissance art. Classicists sought a sculptural clarity of form, perfection plastic figure, for clarity and balanced composition. This classicism tends to paint an abstract idealization, separation from the concrete images of modernity, to establish norms and canons governing the arts. The biggest piece of classicism was an artist and theorist N. Poussin. The architecture of French classicism the 17 th century was characterized by consistency and balance, precise lines, geometric accuracy of the plans and the severity of proportions.

Classicism was formed as an antagonistic direction relative to a lush and baroque virtuoso art. But when the second half of the 17 th century classicism became the official art of the absolutist monarchy, he absorbed the baroque elements. This is evident in the architecture of Versailles, in works of the painter Charles Lebrun, sculptors F. Girardon, and A. Kuazevoksa.

At the head of the direction of becoming the Paris Academy of Arts, which owns the establishment of a set of dogmatic rules and artificial supposedly unshakable laws of composition. This academy has also established principles of rationalistic images of emotions (“passions”) and the division of genres at “high” and “low”. By “high” genres: historical, religious and mythological genres, to “lower” – a portrait, landscape, genre, still life. Over time, this trend has degenerated into a cold formal academic manner.

In the mid-18 th century on the background of an educational movement, on the eve of the French Revolution, a new direction opposing the classical Rococo art and creativity of imitators – academics. A special feature of this trend was the manifestation of traits of realism, the desire for clarity and simplicity, the reflection of an educational ideal of “natural humanity”.

> Sculpture of the Classical period is different severity and restraint, coherence forms, easy postures, even when the movement does not violate the formal closure of (E. Falcone, G. Houdon).

The period of late Classicism – Empire – is on the first third of the 19 th century. Differs ostentation and pomp, reflected in architecture and applied art. This period is distinguished as an independent.

In the second half of the century France – the most powerful absolutist power in Western Europe. This time, the addition of the French National School of Fine Arts, the formation of the classic lines, whose homeland is considered to be France.
French art in XVP. is based on the traditions of the French Renaissance. Paintings and Drawings Fouquet and Clouet, sculpture Goujon and Pilon, locks time of Francis 1, Fonteblo Palace and the Louvre, the poetry of Ronsard and the prose of Rabelais, Montaigne’s philosophical experience, on all this bears the stamp of the classic understanding of the forms of strict logic, rationality, developed a sense of elegant, – ie which is destined to fully materialize in XVP. in the philosophy of Descartes, in the drama of Corneille and Racine, in the painting by Poussin and Lorrain. In the literature, the formation of the classic lines associated with the name of Pierre Corneille, the great poet and creator of the French theater. In 1635 in Paris, organized by the Academy of Literature, and Classicism becomes the official direction of the dominant literary trend, recognized at the court. In the field of fine art process of formation of classicism was not as unified. In architecture the first outlines the features of the new style, although they do not fold completely. In the Luxembourg Palace, built for the widow of Henry IV, regent Marie de Medicis, Salomon de Brothe much taken from the Gothic and Renaissance architecture, but the facade already a member of a warrant that would be characteristic of classicism. “Maisons-Laffitte, Francois Mansart at the complexity of the volume is a single entity, Yas-
tion, are attracted to the classic rules of design. In painting, the situation was more complicated, because here intertwined influ-
yaniya mannerism, Flemish and Italian Baroque. At the French painting of the first half-century were influential and karavadzhizm, and realistic art of Holland. In any case, in the works of brothers Le Nain these influences can be traced clearly. In the pictures of Louis Lenena no narrative, illustrative, and the composition is strictly designed and static, parts scrutinized and selected for the expression of primarily ethical, moral foundation, the product-
tion. Of great importance in the pictures Lenena peyzazh.V has recently become more common in the literature of art criticism
the name of the direction to which it belongs, Louis Le Nain, defined the term “painting the real world.” The same applies to the direction of creativity of the artist Georges de Latour. In his first papers on the genre themes Latour acts as an artist close to Caravaggio. Already in early works Latour shows one of the most important qualities: an inexhaustible variety of its image, the splendor of color, the ability to genre painting to create images of monumental and significant.
The second half of the 30′s – 40-ies – the time of creative maturity Latour. He was less drawn to this period to genre subjects, wrote mostly religious paintings. The artistic language of Latour-a harbinger of the classic style: rigor, constructive clarity, clarity of composition, plastic equilibrium of generalized forms, impeccable integrity silhouette, statics. An example is one of his later works “Sv.Sebastyan the holy women” with a perfectly beautiful, reminiscent of ancient sculpture figure of Sebastian in the foreground, a body which – as a symbol of martyr-
eration – the artist depicts only one arrow.Classicism appeared on the crest of the French social upheaval
nation and the French state. The basis of the theory of classical rationalism was, based on the philosophical system of Descartes, the subject of classical art was proclaimed only beautiful and sublime, ethical and aesthetic ideal served antiquity. Creator of the classic movement in painting in France XVP. was Nicolas Poussin. Topics in paintings are diverse: Mythology, History, New and Old Testament. Heroes Poussin – people of strong character and majestic deeds, high sense of duty towards society and the state. Public purpose of art
It was very important for Poussin. All these features are included in the emerging program of classicism. The Art of considerable thought and a clear mind and develops a specific language. Measure and order, compositional balance becomes the basis of the beautiful works of classicism. Smooth and precise linear rhythm, statuary plastic perfectly convey the severity and majesty of the ideas and characters. The coloring is based on harmony strong, deep tones. This harmonious world in itself does not extend beyond the pictorial space, as in the Baroque. The first period ends Poussin, when it breaks into the theme topic of death, impermanence and vanity of the earth. This new mood perfectly expressed in his “Arcadian shepherds.
In 40-50-ies the main emphasis Poussin makes the drawing, sculptural forms, plastic perfection. From the artist takes a lyrical immediacy, there is a certain coldness and abstraction. Best from late Poussin are his landscapes. The artist is in the nature of seeking harmony. Man is treated primarily as part of prirody.Vtoraya XVP half century – the long reign of Louis XIV, “Sun King”, the apex of French absolutism. No wonder this time became known in Western literature – the “great age”. Great – especially for the pomp and ceremonies of all kinds
art in different genres and different ways praise of person of the king. Since the beginning of independent rule of Louis XIV, ie with the 60-ies in XVP. in art is very important for its further development process of regulation, the full authority and control of the royal authority. Established back in 1648 the Academy of painting and sculpture is now in the official conduct of the first minister of the king. In 1671 the Academy is based architecture. Establish control over all forms of artistic life. The leading style of art officially became
classicism. Significantly, for the construction of the eastern facade of the Louvre at that time elected not to draft a well-known at that time throughout Europe Bernini, and the project by the French architect Perrault. Claude Perrault’s Colonnade, with its simple rational warrant mathematically verified equilibrium masses, static, creating a sense of calm and grandeur, more consistent with the established ideal of the era. Classicism is gradually penetrating the religious architecture in the entire
vitality of architectural traditions of the Italian Baroque. But most of all the architects took the problem of correlation of the palace and park ensemble. Louis Lebo and Andr̩ Le N̫tre first attempt is promising to solve this problem in the palace and park of Vaux le Vicomte near Melena. In the Palace is rightly viewed as the prototype of the main establishment of the second half XVP. РPalace of Versailles and the park. It was built by Lebo, and in the latter stages of its construction took part Ardu Mansart. Exterior Building a classicist strict alternation of windows, pilasters, columns, creates a clear, calm rhythm. All this does not preclude a lush decorative finishes, especially in the interior. The interiors of the palace consists of a suite of rooms luxuriously designed rooms. Versailles Park is a software product, which all affect the will and mind of man. Its creator was Le N̫tre,
sculpture performed Girardon and Kuazevoks. In the classicism of the second half of XVP. there is no sincerity and depth lorrenovskih paintings, high moral ideal Poussin. This is the official line, adapted to the requirements of the court and
especially the King, the art regimented, uniform, painted on a set of rules on how and what to portray, which devoted a special treatise Lebrun. In this framework developed and genre of the portrait. This, of course, a front portrait. In the first half-century portrait of monumental, majestic, but also easy to accessories, and in the second half of the century, expressing the general trends in art, the portrait becomes more lush. Since the second half XVP century France firmly and permanently occupies a leading place in the artistic life of Europe. But at the end of the reign of Louis XIV in the art there are new trends, novyecherty, and art in the XVIII. to evolve in a different direction.

Gerry Fitherland Styles of Art art, classicism, painting

In the world history of art paintings often took a leading position. It is her role was largely due to the fact that no other art form can not be transferred visible phenomena of the world, the image of man or nature so fully as in the painting. Moreover, the expression of the fullness of the external, visible world can discover and profound inner meaning, and meaning of social phenomena, the spiritual life of man, his thoughts, feelings and aspirations. Why is possible in painting such a fullness of the transfer of the external appearance of the world and our sensations. The answer is obvious, because everybody knows that painting, unlike other art forms has a color as one of our main means of expressing life, and because in reality all that exists has its particular color, the color, only a painting can best convey this property matter. All other forms of art in the transfer of color and light in nature, although often used paint as a material inferior to painting in the fullness, depth and accuracy of this transfer. However, a picturesque image associated with the plane and in this sense it is too arbitrary and gives the sculpture, which has the bulk concrete, tangible form, but in sculpture, even a fully painted, the color depends on the lighting and so inconstant and changeable, while the painting remains subtle nuances color, seen and captured by the artist in moments of the highest creative upsurge and inspiration. Landscape – a genre that has long been considered of secondary importance. It would seem that it does not require sophisticated skills figure, complex composite solutions, its color palette is limited, but it is speculative assumptions based on superficial characteristics. What landscape equal, deeply meaningful, requiring high skill genre, evidenced by the many examples. Landscape problem: how to transfer sunlight, shadow, reflections on the leaves and bodies, the refraction of light in a fast jet stream, as a natural place among the figures of people concerned with the nature of many artists. Landscape was even at the core of Impressionist artists and led to profound changes in art in general: brighter color, artistic exploration of deep, real space, to the fragmented composition, to the addition of a new method of writing – “alla prima”. Finally, landscape sketch was of the school, which honed their skills picturesque several generations of artists. However, one should distinguish between landscape studies and landscape paintings. Etude, which is written directly from nature, usually quickly, in one or several sessions, does not purport to create a complete image of nature. Charm Etude in a fast, just some cursory observations, accurate transmission of the current state of landscape painting in the emotional work. Landscape paintings often created in the studio, as well as the works of other genres, is a complete, carefully and thoughtfully made (not to be confused with the thoroughness of detail drawing), the expression of general ideas about the nature of the work. Each destination in the art has its peculiar features in the landscape and in understanding the landscape space. Until the last century landscape space is based mainly on the basis of a theatrical scene: the romantically lit foreground scenes and a flat long-range plan; in painting dominated by dark colors. True, some major artists (such as Bruegel), we meet with an amazing realism to the concept of space, but the real flowering of landscape painting had on the nineteenth, early twentieth century. Call British artists Gainsborough, Turner, Constable, the famous Russian landscape painter Vasilyev and S. Shchedrin, a galaxy of French artists of the Barbizon school and later flows. Artists are making high art in the transfer of real movement taking place in nature, interference of light and air, atmospheric conditions, solid images and the fusion of the human figure in the landscape. It should be regarded as an independent genre marina, sea view. He has a number of features associated with the image of the sea. A special genre of painting called Still Life (dead nature), are paintings depicting objects around us. Still sometimes called the laboratory of creativity. He has attracted many artists and innovators: Cezanne, Picasso, Matisse, primarily because of the “laboratory” the greatest artists can focus attention on the image of objects through the very art form, not complicated plot, and other tasks. In some cases, the artist primarily concerned with the transfer of material, texture of objects, in others – plastic forms. In Holland, this genre is not called “dead nature”, and “quiet life”, and small-sized still lifes of the old Dutch masters, in fact, rather than form, and “portraits” of things, a glass of fine glass, stood out against the dark background of one or two highlights are truly call; flesh sliced lemon juice is full; antique silver precious flash. Flemish still-life should be called a lush life, so filled with large canvases of all kinds of things to eat. For Picasso and Braque still life complicated analysis of the forms on a plane for Cezanne – tangible, solid, weighty mass of objects, their plastic construction. But, ultimately, inspiring artists in the performance of still lifes most beautiful world of things surrounding us. We briefly stopped at the genres of easel painting, because it is this form of art peculiar to the greatest variety of genres. The main function of genres-ordering of content. Thus, considering the thematic picture, we do not aspire to the elucidation of the nature of each character by itself, first of all attention is directed to the interaction of characters, in the portrait, by contrast, did not significantly interact, and the character.

Gerry Fitherland Genres of Painting art, landscape, painting, still life

Murals come to us from ancient times when primitive man painted on the walls of his cave hunting scenes or abstract forms, which paved the Alphabet.

In the subsequent era of revival of mural painting was of great importance. She decorated the temples and churches with scenes from the Bible and medieval landscape. Art of the Renaissance performed mostly on a wall or ceiling. Murals pictured on the damp wall to wall gouged connect with her for ages. They drew the titans art such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Donatello and others

Due to the progress and the formation of new styles in art has expanded the scope of mural painting. Artists have gradually moved away from religious themes. Draw steel in public places such as shops, restaurants and bars. Decorations for the theater began booming. In the 20 th century wall paintings spread to homes of ordinary people and placed firmly their positions.

The spread of the wall paintings
In Israel, the murals came into vogue in the mid 20th century. On the outer walls of the city’s buildings appeared drawings changing the face of the house or even an entire street. Along with the signs of the shops have paint on the exterior walls or inside the premises. Murals on the walls of shops and cafes began to perform the function of advertising and has helped attract new customers. In the future, began to order the mural in the schools and kindergartens, in order that would create a certain atmosphere and mood in children. In schools, for example, bought thematic drawings near the door of classes. For example near the room lesson of physics – the physical formulas and portraits of scientists. In kindergartens usually draw stories or characters from cartoons.

Murals can fantasize endlessly.

Wall painting in our house
What does the wall paintings and where it can be applied in modern life?

We live in a time when most urban apartments and houses are built on the template. Somehow to diversify our house and make the colors in a private space helps murals. You can decorate any room in the apartment or house, beatify the outside, or even paint the pool or the front gate house.

Murals for children’s room is the best gift for your child. You can decorate an entire room with floor to ceiling, create a special magic world. Subjects can be very diverse – from children’s favorite fairy tales and characters to abstract forms. The child will grow up in a special atmosphere. This will help to develop imagination and individuality.

Murals for living rooms and salons are usually selected very carefully to the tone and style of furniture and interior. The best picture for the living room is a landscape. It is suitable for almost all interior and adopted by people with the most unusual taste. The main thing is to choose the style.

You can paint the kitchen to plant designs, or draw a still life with fruit.

By bathroom suitable water motifs such as fish, dolphins, seascapes, etc.

Fantasy is always limitless!

Of course, to murals to satisfy your desires and dreams you need a professional artist with a great experience, who can advise you the right style and design, as well as perform mural is beautiful!

Gerry Fitherland Wall Art & Decor art, decor, paintings, wall art, wall paintings

To set off the originality and design of dissimilarity in a mansion or his office, created now many add-ons. Various finishing materials, made with the assistance of developed solutions aestheticizing our homes. However, from time to time they have lacked sincerity. Even the most unusual wallpaper – it is just repeating pattern. But the interior design takes on different incarnation. And no need to remember the most modernized material. The painting as a way of decorating the interior began to use quite a few centuries ago. Initially, of course, painted in the main building, correlating with the faith, for example, chapels or churches. These days art painting has found new popularity.

Art painting picture- an original way to separate your living room from the other. You will receive an original painting directly on the wall, which will not fade in time, thanks to reliable colors used in painting. You will be able to create pictures on the walls of their home or choose the exact copy of the masterpieces of the greatest artists, in any case, your visitors or customers will be very long to consider these amazing frescoes. Today’s professionals are able to achieve the perfect absence of differences with the original piece, so understand that on the wall in front of your eyes is not the true masters of the canvas, you will be able only after getting very close.

The most amazing of all, choose a custom design you will get an opportunity not only to decorate the vertical surfaces. Ceilings, doors, even furniture – all can play new paints with artist professional. Art painting- the most obvious way to permanently make your cottage abnormal. Any family member can find a fresco liking. Most happy will be the smallest, because their closest doll or fairy-tale heroes will be nearby round days on end.

Traditional wall paintings is actually in the past. The present-day artists use airbrush, use neon and fiber optic lighting elements to create a more natural form of painting. You can draw an image on a sheet and then transfer to the wall, covering a particular matter. In any case, your walls will be unrecognizable. Three-dimensional paintings have the opportunity to take you to any country and metropolitan regions throughout the world where you have always longed to live. And if you want to live in the palace, art painting with gold leaf will provide a unique feeling of prosperity.

Forget about the standard wallpaper with the standard drawings, several times repeated throughout the wall. Do not miss out on creating a wonderful atmosphere in your room; you will feel yourself change your reality in this stunning room.

Gerry Fitherland Art & Design art, interior design, painting, paintings