Genres of Painting: Still Life and Landscape
In the world history of art paintings often took a leading position. It is her role was largely due to the fact that no other art form can not be transferred
visible phenomena of the world, the image of man or nature so fully as in the painting. Moreover, the expression of the fullness of the external, visible world can discover and profound inner meaning, and meaning of social phenomena, the spiritual life of man, his thoughts, feelings and aspirations. Why is possible in painting such a fullness of the transfer of the external appearance of the world and our sensations. The answer is obvious, because everybody knows that painting, unlike other art forms has a color as one of our main means of expressing life, and because in reality all that exists has its particular color, the color, only a painting can best convey this property matter. All other forms of art in the transfer of color and light in nature, although often used paint as a material inferior to painting in the fullness, depth and accuracy of this transfer. However, a picturesque image associated with the plane and in this sense it is too arbitrary and gives the sculpture, which has the bulk concrete, tangible form, but in sculpture, even a fully painted, the color depends on the lighting and so inconstant and changeable, while the painting remains subtle nuances color, seen and captured by the artist in moments of the highest creative upsurge and inspiration. Landscape – a genre that has long been considered of secondary importance. It would seem that it does not require sophisticated skills figure, complex composite solutions, its color palette is limited, but it is speculative assumptions based on superficial characteristics. What landscape equal, deeply meaningful, requiring high skill genre, evidenced by the many examples. Landscape problem: how to transfer sunlight, shadow, reflections on the leaves and bodies, the refraction of light in a fast jet stream, as a natural place among the figures of people concerned with the nature of many artists. Landscape was even at the core of Impressionist artists and led to profound changes in art in general: brighter color, artistic exploration of deep, real space, to the fragmented composition, to the addition of a new method of writing – “alla prima”. Finally, landscape sketch was of the school, which honed their skills picturesque several generations of artists. However, one should distinguish between landscape studies and landscape paintings. Etude, which is written directly from nature, usually quickly, in one or several sessions, does not purport to create a complete image of nature. Charm Etude in a fast, just some cursory observations, accurate transmission of the current state of landscape painting in the emotional work. Landscape paintings often created in the studio, as well as the works of other genres, is a complete, carefully and thoughtfully made (not to be confused with the thoroughness of detail drawing), the expression of general ideas about the nature of the work. Each destination in the art has its peculiar features in the landscape and in understanding the landscape space. Until the last century landscape space is based mainly on the basis of a theatrical scene: the romantically lit foreground scenes and a flat long-range plan; in painting dominated by dark colors. True, some major artists (such as Bruegel), we meet with an amazing realism to the concept of space, but the real flowering of landscape painting had on the nineteenth, early twentieth century. Call British artists Gainsborough, Turner, Constable, the famous Russian landscape painter Vasilyev and S. Shchedrin, a galaxy of French artists of the Barbizon school and later flows. Artists are making high art in the transfer of real movement taking place in nature, interference of light and air, atmospheric conditions, solid images and the fusion of the human figure in the landscape. It should be regarded as an independent genre marina, sea view. He has a number of features associated with the image of the sea. A special genre of painting called Still Life (dead nature), are paintings depicting objects around us. Still sometimes called the laboratory of creativity. He has attracted many artists and innovators: Cezanne, Picasso, Matisse, primarily because of the “laboratory” the greatest artists can focus attention on the image of objects through the very art form, not complicated plot, and other tasks. In some cases, the artist primarily concerned with the transfer of material, texture of objects, in others – plastic forms. In Holland, this genre is not called “dead nature”, and “quiet life”, and small-sized still lifes of the old Dutch masters, in fact, rather than form, and “portraits” of things, a glass of fine glass, stood out against the dark background of one or two highlights are truly call; flesh sliced lemon juice is full; antique silver precious flash. Flemish still-life should be called a lush life, so filled with large canvases of all kinds of things to eat. For Picasso and Braque still life complicated analysis of the forms on a plane for Cezanne – tangible, solid, weighty mass of objects, their plastic construction. But, ultimately, inspiring artists in the performance of still lifes most beautiful world of things surrounding us. We briefly stopped at the genres of easel painting, because it is this form of art peculiar to the greatest variety of genres. The main function of genres-ordering of content. Thus, considering the thematic picture, we do not aspire to the elucidation of the nature of each character by itself, first of all attention is directed to the interaction of characters, in the portrait, by contrast, did not significantly interact, and the character.
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